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Optical lenses: Unlocking Optical Potential: Lens Classification and Applications

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    Optical lenses: Unlocking Optical Potential: Lens Classification and Applications

    Lenses are crucial components in optical systems, widely applied in fields such as light concentration, imaging, and beam shaping. Depending on their purpose, structure, and material, they can be classified into various types to meet diverse optical requirements.

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    Lens Classification and Application Matrix

    Classification Dimension

    Type

    Characteristics

    Typical Applications


    Geometric Shape

    Bi-convex

    Both sides convex, converges parallel light

    Light concentration, imaging systems


    Bi-concave

    Both sides concave, diverges incident light

    Beam divergence, collimation correction


    Meniscus

    Asymmetric curvature, adjustable focal length

    Telescope correction, optical combinations


    Plano-convex/concave

    Flat-convex/concave surface, simple manufacturing

    Laser collimation, fiber coupling


    Surface Morphology

    Spherical Lens

    Spherical surfaces, cost-effective

    Basic optical components


    Aspheric Lens

    Variable curvature, eliminates aberrations

    High-end cameras, microscope objectives


    Cylindrical Lens

    Single-axis curvature

    Barcode scanners, laser line generation


    Function/Structure

    Singlet

    Single material element

    General illumination, education


    Achromatic Doublet

    Two-glass chromatic correction

    Microscopes, telescopes


    Apochromatic Triplet

    Three-wavelength correction

    Astronomy, precision microscopy


    Fresnel Lens

    Stepped concentric structure

    Solar concentration, VR headsets


    GRIN Lens

    Gradient refractive index

    Endoscopes, fiber optics


    Zoom Lens

    Movable multi-element system

    Camera lenses, videography


    Liquid Lens

    Voltage-controlled droplet shape

    Mobile cameras, machine vision


    Emerging Frontier Types

    Metalens

    Subwavelength phase control

    Nano-imaging, wearable optics

    Superlens

    Diffraction-limit breaking

    Nanoscopy, lithography


    Microlens Array

    Multi-element micro-optics

    3D sensing, light field imaging


    Tunable Lens

    Electroactive polymer actuation

    Real-time zoom systems



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