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A device that splits a beam of light into two parts is called a beam splitter. The working component of a beam splitter is typically a coated plane, which exhibits specific reflectance and transmittance within a certain wavelength range. This plane is usually tilted, thereby separating the incident and reflected light. The predetermined reflectance and transmittance values of beam splitters vary depending on their applications.
Spectral beam splitter coating are coatings designed to divide a light beam into two parts based on specific requirements and methods, primarily including wavelength beam splitters, intensity beam splitters, and polarizing beam splitters.
Wavelength beam splitters (also called dichroic beam splitters) separate beams by wavelength regions using either cut-off filters or band-pass filters. These coating must control both transmitted and reflected light to achieve specific spectral curves. Intensity beam splitters divide light intensity into predetermined ratios, with broadband neutral beam splitters for visible light requiring polarization-independent coatings in applications like interferometers where depolarized beams are essential.
Polarizing beam splitters utilize thin-film polarization effects at oblique incidence, existing in prism-type and plate-type configurations. Prism-type polarizers exploit Brewster angle polarization effects, where s-polarized light transmission increases with coating layers, achieving polarization separation when sufficient layers accumulate. These offer wide wavelength coverage and high polarization purity but lower laser damage resistance. Plate-type polarizers leverage the different reflection bandwidths of dielectric coatings for two polarization components at oblique angles, featuring narrower operational bandwidths but larger sizes and superior laser endurance, making them ideal for high-power laser systems.
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